• Users Online: 1464
  • Home
  • Print this page
  • Email this page
Home About us Editorial board Ahead of print Current issue Search Archives Submit article Instructions Subscribe Contacts Login 


 
 Table of Contents  
CASE REPORT
Year : 2018  |  Volume : 9  |  Issue : 3  |  Page : 113-117

Orthodontic–periodontics interdisciplinary nonsurgical approach to manage infrabony osseous defect


1 Military Dental Centre, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
2 Graded Specialist (Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics), 310 Field Hospital, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Date of Web Publication31-Aug-2018

Correspondence Address:
Dr. Vivek B Mandlik
C.6/13, Salunkhe Vihar, Pune - 411 022, Maharashtra
India
Login to access the Email id

Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None


DOI: 10.4103/ijor.ijor_5_18

Rights and Permissions
  Abstract 

Clinicians often encounter infrabony osseous defects that are usually best treated by periodontal surgical techniques, including bone grafting and guided tissue regeneration, with a goal of establishing a new connective tissue attachment. On occasion, infrabony osseous defect proximal to a central incisor with extrusion and large midline diastema may present an opportunity to consider a resolution by orthodontic–periodontic interdisciplinary approach. Orthodontics has been used as an adjunct to periodontics to increase connective tissue support and alveolar bone height. In modern clinical practice, the orthodontic–periodontic interdisciplinary approach is essential for optimized treatment outcomes. The purpose of this case report is to highlight the importance of orthodontic–periodontic interdisciplinary approach in clinical practice and to improve the level of cooperation between dental practitioners. The authors decided to treat an advanced case of periodontitis, with extrusion and pathological migration of a maxillary central incisor, using orthodontic–periodontic interdisciplinary approach. After the nonsurgical conventional periodontal therapy, the orthodontic movement was started, and the incisor was repositioned using an intrusive mechanism. There was a significant clinical decrease in the probing depth values, and radiographs showed a remarkable reduction of the infrabony osseous defect.

Keywords: Interdisciplinary, intrusion, periodontal pocket


How to cite this article:
Mandlik VB, Sewda SK. Orthodontic–periodontics interdisciplinary nonsurgical approach to manage infrabony osseous defect. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2018;9:113-7

How to cite this URL:
Mandlik VB, Sewda SK. Orthodontic–periodontics interdisciplinary nonsurgical approach to manage infrabony osseous defect. Int J Orthod Rehabil [serial online] 2018 [cited 2024 Mar 29];9:113-7. Available from: https://www.orthodrehab.org/text.asp?2018/9/3/113/240315


  Introduction Top


Many adult periodontal patients may present with the loss of teeth or periodontal support that can result in pathological teeth migration involving either a single tooth or a group of teeth. The main objective of periodontal therapy in these patients is to restore and maintain the health and integrity of the periodontium, whereas orthodontic treatment may represent an important part to correct these problems, or at least prevent them from progressing. Several studies investigated the role of orthodontic tooth movement on periodontal tissues.[1],[2] Experimental study on animals shows that tooth movement is not able to create lost connective tissue attachment.[3],[4] This may be because orthodontic forces act on the portion of the periodontium that is bordered by hard tissue on both sides, whereas the suprabony connective tissue remains unaffected.[5],[6] On the other hand, loss of connective tissue attachment may take place if tooth movement is executed in the presence of plaque-induced gingival inflammation.[7],[8]

A number of authors have tried to correct infrabony defects using periodontic–orthodontic interdisciplinary approach. Moreover, orthodontic intrusive displacement has the potential to reestablish a healthy periodontium and well-functioning dentition, with favorable psychological and esthetic results.[9] Orthodontic intrusive movement, after proper periodontal therapy, can also positively modify both the alveolar bone and the periodontal tissues.[10],[11]

This case study describes the effect of an orthodontic–periodontic interdisciplinary approach in a case of adult periodontitis that led to extrusion and migration of a maxillary right central incisor with a large infrabony defect on its mesial aspect.


  Case Report Top


A 36-year-old female reported at the dental outpatient department with a chief complaint of loose and highly placed right upper front tooth.

Extraoral examination revealed mild symmetrical, mesoprosopic face, straight profile, and extruded right central incisor creating functional and esthetic problems such as lip incompetency, unpleasant smile, and difficulty in incising the food substance [Figure 1].
Figure 1: Pretreatment extraoral photograph

Click here to view


Intraoral examination revealed extruded right central incisor with Grade II mobility, pathological migration of 11, trauma from occlusion, midline diastema, Class I canine relation, missing 26, 36, and 46, moderate fluorosis, overjet 0 mm, and 50% overbite irrespective to 11; initial probing depth on the mesial surface of the right central incisor was 8 mm, while gingival recession was 3.0 mm [Figure 2].
Figure 2: Pretreatment intraoral photograph

Click here to view


Intraoral periapical radiographic examination revealed a deep infrabony angular osseous defect [Figure 3].
Figure 3: Pretreatment intraoral periapical radiograph

Click here to view


Problem list includes trauma from occlusion, extrusion, and infrabony pocket of right maxillary central incisor midline diastema, pathological migration of 11, and missing 26, 36, and 46.

Treatment plan was established for this patient: (1) treatment of her periodontal disease by conventional periodontal therapy; (2) intrusion of maxillary right central incisor and closure of midline diastema by fixed orthodontic treatment; and (3) replacement of missing 26, 36, and 46 was planned with FPD because lack of bone to place prosthodontic implants.

The above-mentioned treatment plan was developed using a team approach with orthodontics, periodontics, and prosthodontics. The periodontal disease was treated by nonsurgical periodontal therapy comprising of motivation, education and oral hygiene instructions, scaling, and root planning before orthodontic treatment. Subsequently, after 8 weeks, on resolution of periodontal inflammation, orthodontic therapy was carried out. Orthodontic therapy consists of preadjusted edgewise appliance (“0.018” bracket slot) with Roth prescription. Posterior bite plate was given to relive trauma from occlusion to right central incisor. Leveling and alignment of all the teeth except right central incisor was done by sequentially using 014” NiTi, 016” NiTi, and 016”stainless steel. Then, 016 × 022” stainless wire was used as base archwire; conventional anchorage preparation was done by consolidation of teeth by continuous ligation from second premolar to lateral incisor on the right side and on the left side continuous ligation from the second premolar to the left central incisor. After anchorage preparation, special attention was given while intrusion of right central incisor and intrusion was done by using very light continuous intrusive force with overlay 012” NiTi wire and the consolidated base archwire was used as anchorage. Finally, space closure was done with loop mechanics using continuous T loop of 017 × 025 TMA wire as shown in [Figure 4], and replacement of missing 26.36 and 46 was done with fixed partial denture.
Figure 4: Space closure with T-loop

Click here to view


At the end of treatment, the intrusion of right central incisor was observed with normal gingiva, no bleeding on probing, and normal periodontal pocket depth (2.5 mm) [Figure 5]. Intraoral periapical examination revealed significant improvement in infrabony osseous defect with reduction and almost complete fill of the infrabony defect [Figure 6].
Figure 5: Posttreatment intraoral photograph

Click here to view
Figure 6: Pre- and posttreatment intraoral periapical

Click here to view


Finally, the periodontic–orthodontic interdisciplinary approach results in significant improvement in the smile, function, and lip competency of the patient as shown in extraoral and intraoral photographs in [Figure 7], [Figure 8], [Figure 9].
Figure 7: Pre- and posttreatment extraoral photograph

Click here to view
Figure 8: Pre- and posttreatment intraoral photograph

Click here to view
Figure 9: Pre- and posttreatment occlusal photograph

Click here to view


Periodontally compromised patients may have problems such as relapse during the retention stage, and therefore, these patients require a long period of retention. Permanent retention is often part of the total treatment plan for these patients[12],[13] so that at the end of orthodontic treatment, maxillary and mandibular fixed lingual bonded retainers were given.


  Discussion Top


The present case reports the importance of periodontic–orthodontic interdisciplinary approach in the resolution of infrabony osseous defect in a patient affected by severe periodontal disease that causes pathological migration and extrusion of the maxillary right incisor. The pathological migration with infrabony osseous defect can be treated by conventional periodontal therapy without using any periodontal surgical approach such as periodontal flap surgery, bone grafting, and guided tissue regeneration procedure if interdisciplinary approach is taken into consideration. Comparison of pre- and posttreatment intraoral periapical radiograph of this case showed a decrease in the distance from the cementoenamel junction of the incisor to the bottom of the bone defect and significant decrease in the infrabony component of the bony defect after periodontic–orthodontic interdisciplinary treatment.

The localized loss of periodontal attachment in such patients can present with varying degrees of overeruption, tipping, rotations, pathological migration, and spacing commonly in upper incisors and they lead to traumatic occlusion. This traumatic occlusion can further cause breakdown of the periodontal tissue by continuous trauma from occlusion and aggravate the periodontal destruction.[6] Therefore, traumatic occlusion should be first relieved in such patients as done using posterior bite plate in this case to avoid continuous trauma from occlusion.

As a result of loss of bone support, the center of resistance of the involved tooth moves more apically, resulting in the tooth being more prone to tipping than desired bodily movement while orthodontic treatment mechanics.[14] The best results are obtained when tooth intrusion is performed with light forces (5–15 g per tooth), and the line of action of the force passes close to the center of resistance.[15] As in this case, intrusion was done using overlay 012” NiTi wire and the orthodontic force should produce higher moment to force ratio for more bodily movements[16] as done using continuous T loop of 017” × 025” for final space closure.

In treatment of such cases, the following factors should be taken into consideration:

  • First of all, control periodontal infection and relieve trauma from occlusion[6]
  • The magnitude of intrusive force should be light[15]
  • Use the higher moment to force ratio for more translator/bodily movements.[16]



  Conclusion Top


Since there is a close relationship between orthodontic treatment and periodontal health and vice versa, an understanding of the interdisciplinary approach will help in bringing the best possible results in patients with periodontitis. To prevent relapse after orthodontic treatment, lingual-bonded retainers on a long-term basis needed.

Declaration of patient consent

The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form the patient(s) has/have given his/her/their consent for his/her/their images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patients understand that their names and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

 
  References Top

1.
Thilander B. Orthodontic tooth movement in periodontal therapy. In: Lindhe J, editor. Textbook of Clinical Periodontology. Copenhagen: Munksgaard; 1989. p. 480-500.  Back to cited text no. 1
    
2.
Zachrisson BU. Orthodontics and periodontics. In: Lindhe J, Karring T, Lang NP, editors. Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry. Copenhagen: Munksgaard; 1997. p. 741-93.  Back to cited text no. 2
    
3.
Karring T, Nyman S, Thilander B, Magnusson I. Bone regeneration in orthodontically produced alveolar bone dehiscences. J Periodontal Res 1982;17:309-15.  Back to cited text no. 3
    
4.
Polson A, Caton J, Polson AP, Nyman S, Novak J, Reed B. Periodontal response after tooth movement into infrabony defects. J Periodontol 1984;55:197-202.  Back to cited text no. 4
    
5.
Thilander B. Infrabony pockets and reduced alveolar bone height in relation to orthodontic therapy. Semin Orthod 1996;2:55-61.  Back to cited text no. 5
    
6.
Wennström JL, Stokland BL, Nyman S, Thilander B. Periodontal tissue response to orthodontic movement of teeth with infrabony pockets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1993;103:313-9.  Back to cited text no. 6
    
7.
Artun J, Urbye KS. The effect of orthodontic treatment on periodontal bone support in patients with advanced loss of marginal periodontium. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1988;93:143-8.  Back to cited text no. 7
    
8.
Melsen B. Tissue reaction following application of extrusive and intrusive forces to teeth in adult monkeys. Am J Orthod 1986;89:469-75.  Back to cited text no. 8
    
9.
Melsen B, Agerbaek N. Orthodontics as an adjunct to rehabilitation. Periodontol 2000 1994;4:148-59.  Back to cited text no. 9
    
10.
Cardaropoli D, Re S, Corrente G, Abundo R. Intrusion of migrated incisors with infrabony defects in adult periodontal patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001;120:671-5.  Back to cited text no. 10
    
11.
Liu XF, Pan XG, Shu R. A preliminary study of combined periodontal-orthodontic approach for treating labial displacement of incisors in patients with periodontal diseases. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 2008;17:264-6.  Back to cited text no. 11
    
12.
Kalia S, Melsen B. Interdisciplinary approaches to adult orthodontic care. J Orthod 2001;28:191-6.  Back to cited text no. 12
    
13.
Ghezzi C, Masiero S, Silvestri M, Zanotti G, Rasperini G. Orthodontic treatment of periodontally involved teeth after tissue regeneration. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2008;28:559-67.  Back to cited text no. 13
    
14.
Williams S, Melsen B, Agerbaek N, Asboe V. The orthodontic treatment of malocclusion in patients with previous periodontal disease. Br J Orthod 1982;9:178-84.  Back to cited text no. 14
    
15.
Pinho T, Neves M, Alves C. Multidisciplinary management including periodontics, orthodontics, implants, and prosthetics for an adult. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2012;142:235-45.  Back to cited text no. 15
    
16.
Chen J, Markham DL, Katona TR. Effects of T-loop geometry on its forces and moments. Angle Orthod 2000;70:48-51.  Back to cited text no. 16
    


    Figures

  [Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3], [Figure 4], [Figure 5], [Figure 6], [Figure 7], [Figure 8], [Figure 9]



 

Top
 
 
  Search
 
Similar in PUBMED
   Search Pubmed for
   Search in Google Scholar for
 Related articles
Access Statistics
Email Alert *
Add to My List *
* Registration required (free)

 
  In this article
Abstract
Introduction
Case Report
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Article Figures

 Article Access Statistics
    Viewed5406    
    Printed496    
    Emailed0    
    PDF Downloaded548    
    Comments [Add]    

Recommend this journal


[TAG2]
[TAG3]
[TAG4]