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 Table of Contents  
CASE REPORT
Year : 2018  |  Volume : 9  |  Issue : 4  |  Page : 168-172

Treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusion using forsus fatigue-resistant device


1 Department of Orthodontist, Private Practitioner, Eswar Dental Clinic, Hyderabad, India
2 Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Private Practitioner, Eswar Dental Clinic, Hyderabad, India

Date of Web Publication28-Dec-2018

Correspondence Address:
Venkata Naga Sravanthi Jonnalagadda
Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad, Telangana
India
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Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None


DOI: 10.4103/ijor.ijor_19_18

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  Abstract 

Functional orthopedic appliances are mostly used to treat Class II malocclusion originated from mandibular retrusion. Removable or fixed functional appliances are available to advance the mandible. Fixed appliances can be treated in tandem with multibarcket therapy, thus making it a single-phase treatment. The major disadvantage of fixed functional appliances is proclination of lower anterior teeth. To reduce this proclination, miniplates or miniimplants are being used; negative torque is added to the lower incisors. Despite these additions, the proclination could not be eliminated but minimized. This case report documents the successful treatment of skeletal Class II in late stages of puberty using forsus fatigue resistance appliance with soldered hooks placed distal to the lower canines.

Keywords: Class II malocclusion, Forsus Fatigue-Resistant Device, soldered hooks


How to cite this article:
Reddy S B, Jonnalagadda VN. Treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusion using forsus fatigue-resistant device. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2018;9:168-72

How to cite this URL:
Reddy S B, Jonnalagadda VN. Treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusion using forsus fatigue-resistant device. Int J Orthod Rehabil [serial online] 2018 [cited 2024 Mar 29];9:168-72. Available from: https://www.orthodrehab.org/text.asp?2018/9/4/168/249006


  Introduction Top


Class II malocclusion is one of the most frequent problems in orthodontics, as it affects one-third of patients seeking orthodontic treatment. According to McNamara, the most common characteristic of Class II malocclusion is mandibular retrusion, rather than maxillary prognathism.[1] Thus, among the various orthodontic appliances introduced to treat Class II malocclusion, functional orthopedic appliances are widely used. Contrary to removable appliances, fixed devices do not require the patient's collaboration and can be worn in association with multibracket therapy so that Class II malocclusion can be corrected in a single-phase treatment.[2] The appliances force the mandible forward, and using adaptational growth in the mandibular condyle and glenoid fossa remodeling, a significant increase in the mandibular effective length and a correction in facial convexity are attained.[3] Fixed functional appliances can be grouped into rigid (Herbst) or flexible (Jasper Jumper, Forsus Fatigue Resistance Device [FRD]) devices.

The current article presents a case, treated successfully with FRD. It consists of a universal spring module, an “L” pin and a push rod that is available in five different sizes. It is assembled so that the appropriately sized push rod attaches directly to the lower archwire distal to the canine teeth and the spring to the headgear tube through the “L” pin.[4]

The main functions of the FRD appliance are restraining sagittal maxillary growth, stimulating mandibular growth, inducing mesial movement of the mandibular arch, and distal movement of the maxillary arch.[2]

However, one major side effect of FRD as with any functional appliances is undesirable tooth movement of the lower incisors. The protrusion of the lower incisors limits skeletal correction, and the results are more prone to relapse.[5]


  Case Report Top


A female patient of 15 years visited our clinic with a chief complaint of forwardly placed upper front teeth. She had convex profile, posterior divergence with deep mentolabial sulcus, and everted lower lip. She had Class II molar relation on either side with spacing in upper anterior, increased overjet of 11 mm, and 100% deep bite [Figure 1] and [Figure 2]. Cephalometric analysis reveals Class II skeletal jaw bases (ANB = 5.3°) with retrognathic mandible (SNB = 74.0°) and hypodivergent growth pattern (SN to mandibular plane = 24.6°) [Figure 3] and [Figure 4].
Figure 1: Pretreatment extraoral and intraoral photographs

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Figure 2: Pretreatment lateral cephalogram

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Figure 3: Pretreatment orthopantamogram

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Figure 4: Mid-treatment intraoral photographs

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The patient was diagnosed with angles Class II division 1 malocclusion due to mandibular retrusion with deep bite. The objectives of the treatment were to correct Class II jaw bases and Class II molar relation and to achieve ideal overjet and overbite. FRD was planned to use for the patient to correct jaw bases and also for the dentoalveolar correction.

Treatment progress

Treatment was started with 0.022 MBT bracket system. Initial leveling and aligning were done with 0.016 superelastic NiTi wires. The archwires were changed progressively till 19 × 25 stainless steel wires were reached. Soldered hooks were fabricated distal to lower canines. These hooks were made only to avoid direct force application on to canines from FRD, hoping that it would minimize lower incisor proclination. FRD was placed for 6 months for the sagittal and vertical correction. At the end of the treatment, ideal overjet and overbite were achieved with Class I molar relation. The patient ended up with white spot lesions on her teeth due to improper oral hygiene [Figure 4], [Figure 5], [Figure 6], [Figure 7], [Figure 8], [Figure 9].
Figure 5: Intraoral photographs showing Forsus Fatigue Resistance Device

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Figure 6: Intraoral photographs after Forsus Fatigue Resistance Device removal

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Figure 7: Posttreatment extraoral and intraoral photographs

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Figure 8: Posttreatment lateral cephalogram

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Figure 9: Posttreatment orthopantomogram

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  Discussion Top


Various orthodontic techniques and appliances have been introduced to treat Class II malocclusions, including removable and fixed appliances, extraoral appliances, selective extraction patterns, and surgical option. The severity of the problem and the anticipated patient cooperation play an important role in appliance selection. The case reported in this article is a young female patient at the late stage of the puberty with skeletal Class II malocclusion due to mandibular retrusion.[6] When orthodontic therapy of Class II malocclusion is completed at late puberty, close to completion of active craniofacial growth, relapse tendency due to a reestablishment of Class II growth characteristics is expected to occur less often. It has been shown that fixed functional appliances enhance mandibular growth and that they tend to produce a more horizontal condylar growth compared with removable functional appliances. The dentoalveolar changes were evident at both maxillary and mandibular arches.[7]

Maxillary incisors and first molars demonstrated distal movement and intrusion. This significant effect on maxillary incisors despite the attachment to maxilla is at the molar tubes is because the entire maxillary arch is consolidated by multibracket appliance. Mandibular first molars showed mesial movement and extrusion, and lower incisors exhibited proclination. The correction of the overjet was achieved by both retroclination of the upper incisors and protrusion of the lower incisors [Table 1]. The changes were dentoalveoalr than skeletal. Similar changes were also reported in other studies.[2],[5] Application of negative torque to the lower incisors, soldered hooks distal to lower canines, and tight cinch back of the lower archwire distal to mandibular first molars did not eliminate the unfavorable lower incisor protrusion. Even with these anchorage mechanics, mandibular incisors were proclined by 6°.
Table 1: Comparison of pretreatment and posttreatment cephalometric values

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Miniscrews or miniplates were being used in tandem with FRD to address lower incisor proclination. Studies of FRD with miniscrew have shown that Class II correction was totally dentoalveolar, and unfortunately, miniscrew anchorage did not enhance mandibular forward growth or limit proclination of the lower incisors.[8] Aslan et al. used Forsus with two miniscrews and reported that the protrusion of lower incisors was effectively minimized compared with the conventional Forsus, but it was not totally eliminated.[9] Furthermore, at least two surgical operations are needed to insert and remove miniplates, poor oral hygiene may cause severe inflammation and mobility around the miniplates and increased costs of orthodontic treatment limit its usability.[3]


  Conclusion Top


The FRD protocol revealed to be effective in correcting Class II malocclusion at late puberty mainly at the dentoalveolar level. Lower incisor proclination can be minimized but not completely eliminated despite the anchorage mechanics used along with FRD.

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

 
  References Top

1.
McNamara JA Jr. Components of class II malocclusion in children 8-10 years of age. Angle Orthod 1981;51:177-202.  Back to cited text no. 1
    
2.
Franchi L, Alvetro L, Giuntini V, Masucci C, Defraia E, Baccetti T. Effectiveness of comprehensive fixed appliance treatment used with the Forsus Fatigue Resistant device in class II patients. Angle Orthod 2011;81:678-83.  Back to cited text no. 2
    
3.
Turkkahraman H, Eliacik SK, Findik Y. Effects of miniplate anchored and conventional Forsus Fatigue Resistant devices in the treatment of class II malocclusion. Angle Orthod 2016;86:1026-32.  Back to cited text no. 3
    
4.
Vogt W. The Forsus Fatigue Resistant device. J Clin Orthod 2006;40:368-77.  Back to cited text no. 4
    
5.
Jones G, Buschang PH, Kim KB, Oliver DR. Class II non-extraction patients treated with the Forsus Fatigue Resistant device versus intermaxillary elastics. Angle Orthod 2008;78:332-8.  Back to cited text no. 5
    
6.
Muralidhar Y, Madhukar R. A case report of growing skeletal class II treated with Forsus Fatigue Resistance appliance. Ann Essences Dent 2011;2:89-93.  Back to cited text no. 6
    
7.
Flores-Mir C, Major MP, Major PW. Soft tissue changes with fixed functional appliances in class II division 1. Angle Orthod 2006;76:712-20.  Back to cited text no. 7
    
8.
Eissa O, El-Shennawy M, Gaballah S, El-Meehy G, El Bialy T. Treatment outcomes of class II malocclusion cases treated with miniscrew-anchored Forsus Fatigue Resistant device: A randomized controlled trial. Angle Orthod 2017;87:824-33.  Back to cited text no. 8
    
9.
Aslan BI, Kucukkaraca E, Turkoz C, Dincer M. Treatment effects of the Forsus Fatigue Resistant device used with miniscrew anchorage. Angle Orthod 2014;84:76-87.  Back to cited text no. 9
    


    Figures

  [Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3], [Figure 4], [Figure 5], [Figure 6], [Figure 7], [Figure 8], [Figure 9]
 
 
    Tables

  [Table 1]



 

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